Bacteroides species found in the colon ...

In many ways, this vital development. The average U.S. citizen, born in 1940 is expected to live to 63 years old, a child born today should reach 78, partly because antibiotics. But the assumption that antibiotics are generally safe promoted excessive and led to an increase in bacterial resistance to treatment. Another, equally serious, long-term consequences of our love of antibiotics received much less attention. Antibiotics kill bacteria, we want and we do not. Early data from my laboratory and other hints that time, our friendly flora never fully recover. These long-term changes in beneficial bacteria in the bodies of people, perhaps even increase our susceptibility to infections and disease. Excessive use of antibiotics may be fueling a sharp rise in diseases such as obesity, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies and asthma, are more than twice as many populations (see chart). We must urgently investigate this possibility. And even before we understand fully, is the action we should take. Bacteria living in and on animals that are their mikrobiomom of multicellular life evolved about 1 billion years ago. Hosts get many benefits from their bacterial guests

: Bacteroides species found in the large intestine synthesize vitamin K we need, intestinal bacteria help us to resist the invasion of organisms. Oral or injectable antibiotics penetrate the blood and affect the target pathogen and residential microflora, yes. And the accumulated evidence that our residents do not welcome, in fact, fully recover. In the early twentieth century,

Helicobacter Pylori was the dominant microbe in the stomach almost all people. At the turn of the twenty-first century, less than 6

children in the U.S., Sweden and Germany were the body. Other factors may be at play in the disappearance, but antibiotics may be the culprit. For example, a course of amoxicillin or macrolide antibiotics, the most commonly used to treat middle ear or respiratory infections in children may also eradicate H. pylori

cases. In humans, elimination of H. pylori

affect the regulation of two hormones produced in the stomach and is involved in energy balance, ghrelin and leptin. And, as H. pylori

disappeared from people's stomachs, an increase in gastro-oesophageal reflux and associated problems such as Barretts esophagus and esophageal cancer. Trends may be related? H. pylori

is a risk factor for peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, but the microbe is likely Wouldnt have been so widespread, if he did not wear any benefit to its owner. Indeed, extensive research we conducted showed that people, not bacteria, is likely to develop asthma, hay fever or allergies in childhood. Stomachs are not available

H. pylori seems to be immunologically different from those who do not, and infection of young mice with H. pylori

. There is other evidence that antibiotics cause changes in microbial that can bring long-term physiological changes. For example, as farmers have found a continuous, sub-therapeutic doses of various antimicrobials causes animals gain weight on less food. The sooner that antibiotics are started, the more profound effect. In my laboratory, we have preliminary data in murine models of change in fat and tissue composition associated with both low doses of antibiotics, which simulates agricultural land and high doses similar to those used to treat childhood diseases. Changes in our mikrobiomom may even be fueling the transfer of deadly organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus gold and Clostridium difficile. It's not a huge surprise, since one of the important roles of intact ecosystems are microbial to resist the invasion of pathogenic organisms. To better understand the long-term effects of antibiotics, we must compare microbiomes strattera 10mg antibiotics with antibiotics and without the population. We work with Maria Bello Gloria Dominguez at the University of Puerto Rico San Juan and her colleagues for the study of people living in remote areas in the Amazon, who either never received antibiotics or who have very limited past exposures. If antibiotics cause long-term physiological changes, we may be unable to wait until we fully understand the problem before changing our approach. The knowledge gleaned from farms shows that early life is most important, causing physiological changes that are difficult to remove in the future. Thus, we must reduce the use of antibiotics during pregnancy and childhood. Antibiotics especially penicillins now usually give between one third to half of all women during pregnancy or childbirth is coming to the United States and other developed countries. Infants acquire bases of bacterial populations from the mother during the passage through the vagina at birth. Thus, each generation in particular 30. pregnant women with group B Streptococcus, which causes serious infections in about 1 in 200 newborns, we have better measure of mothers who need treatment or vaccine may be better. Another precautionary step will be to develop specific tools to stabilize the risk of residential population of microbes, such as an effective probiotic. We also need new, narrow spectrum antimicrobials to minimize impact on flora. It is true a huge task that will require the creation of incentives for the pharmaceutical industry to develop targeted classes of antibacterial agents and, more importantly, improved diagnostics that quickly identify problematic agent. We can also begin to replace what was lost in the last 70 years. Along with obtaining the standard vaccine, for example, one day, children whose mikrobiomom was henotipirovali could inoculation of specific strains of H.

Pylori to reduce their likelihood of further development of allergies or asthma, you will narrow spectrum of activity later in life to get rid of bacteria and reduce the risk of stomach ulcers and stomach cancer. Easy to travel around the world increases our global vulnerability to pathogens, as our ancient microbial protection are destroyed. We must use available technology to protect and study our sponsors bacteria before it is too late. .